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The Innumerable Plausible Causes Of Domesticated Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their domesticated bees but in the olden times those losses were limited and the beekeeper was always able to discover the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other pathogen and take favorable action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse syndrome more bees are dwindling faster with no prominent reason and because only the queen and a few worker bees are left alive the colony dies.
The disappearing honeybees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm substantiation to point to any one cause for their demise. This has led to the inference that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Plausible causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An investigation carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse syndrome. He placed eight honey bee colonies in a place where the domesticated bees would have no proximity with genetically modified crops and an equal number of honey bee hives on farms that grew genetically modified crops. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of honey bees was examined. The results between the two sets of honey bee colonies were very distinctive.
The 8 non-GMO honey bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per bee hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the 8 colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm honey bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even filled the over-wintering brood supers. These farm bees will require feeding in order to survive the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse disease is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany investigators found that 99 percent of expired bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the 7 pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally unallowed.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse disease. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was used on rapeseed.
Cell phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by cell phones interfering with the honey bee's navigating system thus preventing the bees from sorting out their way back to the hive. Some fact-finding carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that honey bees do not like going back to their hives when a cell phone is located near the hive. If bees are trying to shun mobile phone radiation then this could demonstrate why they are getting lost and incapable of finding their way home.
Foodstuffs
Bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for conversion into honey. When beekeepers remove this honey, which the honey bees would normally eat over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw sustenance is being replaced with a highly processed dead foodstuff. HFCS is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the honeybees are forced to eat inferior sustenance which results in their impoverished health and damaged immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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